immigration to new Zealand from 1840 -
WHY DIDROBERT AND GEORGE LENDRUM, COME TO NEW ZEALAND IN 1862?
They leave County Tyrone, Ireland, for Gravesend, London.
Passenger Arrivals 1838 - 1889
Emigration from the United Kingdom from 1815 - 1870. USA Australia & New Zealand
Where did they come from?
New Zealand is a country of immigrants. Wave after wave of peoples have settled here: Polynesian, British, European, Asian. From 1840 until the 1970s, Britain was the main source for immigrants. There were historical and political grounds for this New Zealand was first a British colony and later a Dominion but also cultural and economic reasons. But who were the ancestors of Pakeha New Zealanders? Where did they come from and what sort of people were they? What led them to travel so far, enduring the discomfort and danger of long sea voyages, often in small sailing ships? The origins of Pakeha and in part New Zealand identity, by looking at who actually migrated to New Zealand in the seven decades prior to the First World War.
Read more......
1853 - 1870: gold boom and war.
During this period the non-Maori population of New Zealand increased from about 20,000 to over 250,000. It was a period of provincial government and the provinces made a substantial contribution to migration from Britain and Ireland by providing assistance with fares, and in the case of Auckland by land grants of 40 acres. Another major contributor was the lure of gold following the discoveries in Otago in 1861 and Westland in 1865. 1863 saw a gross migration to New Zealand of 45,730 people, the largest annual figure in New Zealand's history. Many of these people flowed across the Tasman, especially from the Victorian gold fields. War between the settlers and the Maori again provided a reason for settlement. Following the renewed outbreak of fighting in 1861, a number of imperial regiments came to New Zealand and eventually over 2000 men took their discharge in the colony. In addition there were over 6000 military settlers in the Auckland area. Finally there were also significant special settlements, the most famous of which were the Highland Scots who came to Waipu in Northland from 1853 after some forty years in Nova Scotia. In all about 800 people had migrated to Waipu by 1860.
65 percent of Irish had a background in farming.
Dictionary of NZ Biography
Captain William Lord, and his 703ton three masted sailing Brig, waits the loading of the general cargo and the boarding of her 123 passengers - 80 are English, 25 Scotch and 17 are Irish.
Gravesend, Kent, England. 1773 - 89 years before Robert and George Lendrum arrived there to leave for New Zealand.
Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex.
It is the administrative town of the Borough of Gravesham and, because of its geographical position, has always had an important role to play in the history and communications of this part of England.
New Zealand in 1862
George and Robert Lendrum arrived in New Zealand in 1862
What did they do and where did they go before they married?
Robert married sometime before 1867 when Alice was born and George married in 1874 (There are ten years between their first-born)
This gave Robert four to fives years and George up to 12 years to explore.
1862.............................1865-1867..........................................1874
NZ................................Robert marries.............................George marries
What happens in New Zealand from 1862 ?
1862 -
The European population of the colony on-the 31st December, 1862, was 125,812, exclusive of the military and their families.
Of these 79,680 were males, and 46,132 females.
The net increase of population over the preceding year; was 23,791 15,618 males, and 8,173 females.
Maybe one of the first things Robert and George saw, was the Auckland Regatta
Auckland Regatta - Frederick Stacks - View of Auckland Harbour, New Zealand'.
Taken during the regatta of January 1862 - records a race between Maori war canoes.
Apart from canoe races, most port regattas included races between sailing-boats.
About this time Francis Dillon Bell was the Minister of Native AffairsIn 1860 Bell returned to Parliament. Because of his fluency in the Maori language, and his knowledge of Maori land issues, he also became an advisor to Governor Browne. He staunchly supported the Waitara purchase, which led to the Taranaki war.
In 1862 he became Minister of Native Affairs. His administration has been described as 'not particularly efficient or vigorous', although he did support the 1862 forerunner of the Native Land Court.
This body later promoted the sale of much remaining Maori land in the North Island. In 1863 Bell supported Grey's invasion of the Waikato, and recruited military settlers in Australia.
Unlikely but possible, Robert and George went to the first performance of the New Zealand professional opera.
The first professional opera performance in New Zealand wasput onby members of 'The English Opera Troupe' and the Royal Princess Theatre Company.
The troupe, described by Adrienne Simpson, author of Opera's farthest frontier: a history of opera in New Zealand, as 'a small concert party,' arrived in Dunedin on 18 September 1862. They had been hired by brothers Tom and Sanford Fawcett to boost their existing company at the Royal Princess Theatre.
They may have taken a walk through the Auckland Domain or down Queen St.
Maybe they purchased a house...............................................................or they went shopping
Please note: Links to external webpages are / where active at time in inclusion.
Food Stuffs For A Voyage In 1817
This is taken from a voyage account of the Mary Bell, Dublin to Quebec in 1817. Of interest may be the account of food stuffs:
1st Oatmeal, and cutlings are much used, molasses also; potatoes are of the greatest value, nothing more so in my judgment. Salt, or hung beef, pork, bacon or hams, are all excellent in their use; veal when salted, and after wards watered, then boiled with beef or bacon, will produce a soup very desirable. One family here, brought a quantity of fowl in pickle, which when watered, eat very delicious. Coffee is much preferable to tea, the water being so bad, as to render the tea rather insipid and tasteless: bottled ale is good for drink, but in my opinion, cyder when mixed through water, is a much better and cooler drink for the stomach than any other; a constant thirst being common to all on sea. As to spices, pepper, and ginger is mostly used. Flour is essentially necessary; cake bread or pan cakes being very applicable to weak constitutions. Eggs are much used, and when well grazed, or put in salt pickle for six hours, and well packed, will keep fresh a considerable time, this I found by experience. Good port wine is very reviving on sea, when used moderately; but spirits is not so very necessary here. I conceive pickled cabbage to be very useful, such kind of diet only answering whilst sickness prevails; I therefore recommend it. Biscuit is much used by seamen, and the only way for passengers to take it is, to pour boiling water on it, and when steeped a few minutes toast it before the fire, then butter it, and it will eat as pleasant as loaf bread, but not otherwise: oat bread well baked in an oven, will answer well with either tea or coffee; cheese will be very needful; split peas for soup; and lastly, vinegar, butter, and potted herrings.
To preserve new milk for a voyage, take a large or small jar or jars, and clean them remarkably well, and when done, put the mild therein, and after securing it well by corking it close, put the jar or jars into a large pot of water, and boil them over a good fire, and when done, pack them in a hamper, or some other place, and it will keep sweet the whole of the passage. This has been tried by a man of truth and credit, who went last season to Philadelphia, and used the mild there after his arrival, it retaining its natural sweetness. There is a diet much used here, vulgarly called "beggars dish," composed of peeled potatoes and either beef or bacon cut in thin slices, and mixed through them, affords a pleasant meal, the soup is much esteemed, being seasoned with pepper. Delft ware will not in any wise answer in common use, I would therefore recommend tin porringers, or small wooden noggins and trenchers, these will be found best at sea, as the constant motion of the vessel will have a tendency to break any other: a tin kettle in the form of a D will be found very useful in boiling meat or any other food, as it can hang on the bars of the grate at any time, this will be highly accommodating, especially where so many families are boiling their food at one time. The kind of apparel I would recommend to male passengers would be, short jackets or waistcoats with sleeves, a dark handkerchief for the neck, and coarse trousers:-for women, a long bed gown, or wrappers with dark shawls or handkerchiefs, as cleanliness cannot be observed with any degree of precision. It is necessary to provide strong chests or boxes for a voyage, well secured with good locks and hinges; or otherwise it is impossible to preserve property.
1877
Auckland Amateur Athletic Club is formed Canterbury Cricket Association is formed1878
Explosion kills 34 men in the Kaitangata Coal mine Canterbury Rugby football union is formed1882
First shipment of frozen meat leaves Port Chalmers for Britain1885
The Cambridge News starts publication - closes in 1889 Nelson Rugby union is formed1887
Southland Rugby union is formed
Opening of Auckland Public Library and Art Gallery, 1887
On 26 March 1887 Auckland celebrated the opening of its public library with musical items and speeches. Among the speakers Sir George Grey, whose gift of books and manuscripts formed the heart of the collection. While literate residents anywhere in New Zealand spent many hours reading books, those in the cities had the advantage of libraries and many bookshops.
1896
Brunne mine explosion kills 65
First public screening of a motion picture in Auckland
General Election
1905
This Herbert Beecroft illustration from 1905 shows Zealandia, with the people's vote in one hand, draining barrels of alcohol, watched by 'the shades' (ghosts) of past civilisations who claim 'Had we done this, perchance our Nations had not died'.
1949
